Building construction



E. P. GARNER.

BUILDHJG CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATloN FILED FEB. I3, 1919.

Patnted June 29, 1920.

E. P. GARNER.

BUILDING C ONSTRUCTIUN.

APPLICATION FILED FEB;13,1919.

1,345, 1 A64, Patented June 29, 1920.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

/g @MM E. P. GARNER.

. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION F|`LEU FEB. 13, 19I9.'

Patented J une 29, 1920.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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E. P. GARNIER. BUILDINGCONSTRUCTION.

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E. P. GARNIER.

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5. l

ERNEST I.A GARNER, OF CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA.

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

Specification of Letters Patent vPatented Julie 29, 1920.

Application filed February 13, 1919. Serial No. 276,853.

T all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, ERNEST P. GARNER, a'

. citizen of the United States, vresiding at Charleston, in the countyofCharleston and State of South Carolina, have invented new and usefulImprovements in Building Gonstruction, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention lrelates to building con-v struction and has particularreference to portable bungalows though adapted equally well in manyfeatures to general wooden building structures.

T he primary object of the invention is to facilitate the constructionof wooden buildings of variable dimensions by preparing the severalparts in such condition that they may be readily assembled by lanyperson with ordinary intelligence, whether a carpenter 'or not, withoutrequiring cutting, sizing or fitting the previously-constructed parts orunits at the place of erection, and which, if desired, may be separatedand reassembled and wherebya wooden bungalow cottage, or other largerbuilding, may be shipped conveniently or transported from one locationto another.

A further object of the invention is the production of a knockdown orportable wooden building wherein the several sections, parts or unitsare preliminarily prepared in such manner that they may be joinedsecurely by the use of materially less nails or other fastenings thanare required in ordinary similar building structures.

A further object of the invention is to produce a strong and durablewooden building which will be interiorly dry `and afford ampleprotection against severe weather conditions, and also .with suchstructural features as to provide for a neat interior finish andcomfortable dwelling equipment or conveniences by way of space divisionsor rooms, as well as an exterior symmetrical and artistic appearance.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a structurecomposed of units manufactured prior to the time of erection and readilyassembled to form garages, tool and farm out houses, granaries, and toyhouses.

With these and other objects and advantages in view, the inventionconsists in the preferred construction and arrangement of the severalparts which will be more fully hereinafter described and claimed.

In the drawings Figure l is a longitudinal vertical sectional view of abungalow embodying the features of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view of the I bungalow. y

Fig. 3 is a transverse Vertical section of a portion of the bungalowshowing the one end wall taken on the line 3,-3, Fig. l. Fig. et is anenlarged transverse broken section through one end walland door, takenon the line 4 4, Fig. l.

Fig. 5 is an 'enlarged transverse broken section particularly showingone of the partitions that will be used in dividing the interior of thebungalow.

F ig. 6 is an enlarged horizontal broken section through one corner andwindow and door jambs and portions of one side and partition, taken onthe line 6-6, Fig. 1.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged section through the front side wall and portionsof the floor and `roof of the bungalow and showing a window jamb androof extension and verge board;

Fig. 8 1s a detaIltransverse sectIonal View o-f one of-the sIlls, aportion of an outer panel and of the Hoor and a part of an intersectingsill in side elevation, and showing a tongue locking piece or striparranged.

to compensate `for a crooked sill.

Fig. 9 is a horizontal section through the upper part of a portionof onewall and roof structure.

Fig. l0 is a section taken inthe plane of the line 10-10, Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a detail perspective View of one of the gable end brackets.

Fig. 12 is a detail transverse sectional view on an enlarged scaleshowing a part of one of the sills and studs to illustrate theinterlocki'n g relation thereof.

. The numerals 5 and 6 designate the side to the floor width and fittedand secured between the side sills and to a central sill 9 as shown byFig. 1. rPhe sills 5, 6 land 9 are supported on piers l0 erected atdesired intervals and formed of brick or other material such asconcrete.These sills serve to support a floor 10u and the entire superstructureof the bungalow, and extending upwardly therefrom are corner posts 1land wall studs l2 between said posts. rllhe corner posts and studs 1land l2 support wallplates 13, and each stud is vformed.

lIO

with opposite side grooves or rabbets 14 and 15 and with lower innerrecesses 12a to permit the studs to extend downwardly over the fullwidth of the sills 5 and 6, said recesses being under cut at the innerlower terminal portions of the studs to form tongues 12b, see Fig. 12.rllhe pairs of outerv opposing groovesor rabbets 14 are wider thanthe'inner pairs of grooves or rabbets 15, the latter being adjacent toand kreducing the width of the inner edges of the studs to form spaceclosures 15a. The grooves or rabbets 14, are Jformed at distancesinwardly from the outer sides of the studs so that the latter provideouter end joint closures 14, or, have overlapping joint members due tothe groove or rabbet formation just specified for a purpose which willbe presently explained. The corner posts each have two grooves orrabbets 16 and 17 in the one inner side of each, the groove or rabbet 17being narrower than the groove or rabbet 16,

and in the remaining inner side a single.

groove 18 is formed. The grooves or rabbets 14 of the studs 12 andgrooves or rabbets 16 and 18 of the corner posts 11 receivey the sideedges of outer side and end panels 19 which project above the plates 13and downwardly over and terminate `Hush with the lower side`edges of thesills, `and the grooves or rabbets 15 of the studs 12 and grooves orrabbets 17 of the corner posts receive the edges of inner panels 20, thespace sus closures 15a at the inner sides of the studs fitting closelybetween the side edges of the said inner panels, the said outer andyinner panelsforming substantially hollow walls at the opposite sidesand ends of the bunga- 4 low. Cover strips 20 are also provided andapplied over the contiguous edges of the in- `ner panels 20 and securedagainst the space closures 15 of the-studs. The lower ends of the outerpanels 19 are coincident with the lower sides of the sills 5 and 6, thesaid panels extending over the outer sides and above the plates. Ceilingjoists 21 are laid upon and supported by the front and rear plates 13,these joists being of greater length than the distance between the frontand rear walls of the building or bungalow to provide projecting keyingextremities 22 which mav have their outer ends suitably finished.

The keying extremities 22 of the joists 21 are each formed with innerand outer pairs of vertical rooves 24 and 25 in opposite sides thereothe inner pairs of grooves 24 alininfr with uplper grooves 26a near thein- 1 .ner ediges of t e -front and rear plates 13, and the outer pairsof grooves 25 being in position for engagement by the ed es of the upperextremities of the outer ro'nt and rear side wall panels, as shown byFigs.` 9' and 10. The studs 412 have their upper ends terminating at andsecured by any suitable means against the under sides of the plates l astraight wall will always be insured irrespectiveof whether or not thesill is straight, each piece or strip being primarily adjusted and setstraight and all the pieces or strips properly alined and secured, andii the sill is crooked a primary adjustment of the pieces or strips maybe readily effected to overcome the irregularity of the sill, as

shown by. Fig. 8. Furthermore, grooving the sill is avoided andformation of water receiving crevices is thereby prevented and decaymaterially obviated. It is also well known that where'timber is groovedan internal crack or fracture is, apt to formlaterally from the groove,and this weakening 'feature of the sill is also avoided by using thetongue piece or strip 28.

The under sides ofthe plates near the outer sides thereof are likewiseprovided with pieces or strips 29 similar to the piecesor strips 28 andhaving depending tongues 3Q. There will be a number of these pieces 28and 29 between the studs 12 and the latter will be braced by saidpieces. Each outer panel 19 has lower and upper locking battensor cleats31 and 32 extending transversely over the inner sidethereof, the lowerhatten or cleat 31 being a istance upwardly thereon from the lower endof the -panel suiiicient to permit the desired dependence oi` Ithe panelover the outer side of the adjacent sill and engages over and snuglyfits the tongue 27 of the piece or strip 28 adjacent thereto. The upperbatten or cleat 32 is a 'distance downwardly from the upper end of thevp'inel sufficient to permit the up er extremig'y of the panel to' extendover an' cover the adjacent plate 13 and engages the tongue 3() of jtheadjacent piece or strip 29. All of the other panels are similarly`applied'between the corner posts 11 and may be readily set up aiidsecured without the use of nails, screws or bolts to provide anadvantageous outer wall closure for the bungalow or building. The innerpanels20 have their lower ends set closely on the floor l0, and thosebetween the corner posts 11 have their side edges fitted in the innerpair of grooves 15 of the studs 12 and extend upwardly to the 120 theclosures a and over the adjacent joints between the side edges of thepanels 2O and the studs. The inner panels 2() also have cross battens 34at intervals on their outer sides to strengthen them and prevent warpingthereof, and between the inner and outer panels air checks 35 areinterposed at intervals,`said checks also actin to reinforce theVcomplete wall structure. he side edges of the outer and inner panels 19and 20 adjacent to the corner posts 11 are fitted in the grooves orrabbets 16, 17 and 18, the inner side edges of the panels iitting in andfirmly v held by the outer vertical grooves 25. At the ends of thebungalow or buildingVa-s shown by Figs. 3 and 4, gable brackets36 are fplaced and held on the upper surfaces of the plates 13 along the endwalls, and each is of the shape shown in detail by Fig. 11 and formedwith a pair of vertical side grooves 37 near the inner end to receivethe side edges of the upper extremities of the outer end wall panels 19.The major part of each bracket 36 projects-outwardly beyond the outersurfaces of panels 19, and the upper side thereof is provided withparallel mor- ,tises 38 extending transversely thereover and having tiestrips 39 secured therein, said latter strips also giving the upperportions of the bungalow ends a neat finish and appear- Wherever a door40 is set in either end or side wall, or both walls, the frame of the idoor, comprising a threshold 41 having a sill 42 thereon, side uprights43 and a head 44, is fitted in between the studs 12 at the pointor-pointsdesired and the full length inner panels 19 and 20 Iarereplaced by upper and lower shorter panels 45 and 46 also disposedbetween the studs 12 as hereinbefore described and respectively in outerand inner seats or grooves 47 and 48 in the headl 44, and in a groove 49in the lower side of.

the threshold 41. A facing strip 51 is secured over the joint betweenthe lower end similar to applying and securing the door frames in place.

The interior space ofthe bungalow may be divided as desired in anynumber of rooms by suitable partition structures or walls, one of'whichis shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 5, and in these partition structures or.walls door- `frames and doors may be introduced Wherever desired to formready means of communication between adjoining rooms. Each partitionstructure or wall essentially comprises an upper partition plate 53terminally secured to opposing wall plates 13'with a series of partitionstuds 54 extending therefrom to the floor 10a. Wall panels 55 arelapplied to opposite sides of the studs 54, the stud and panelarrangement of the partition structure being similar to the inner sidesof the studs 12 and inner panels 20 and have cover strips 55a securedover the side edge joints. The panels 55 areprovided with inner crossbattens 56 -in abutting adj acency to brace and solidify the partitionwall structure and also to in a measure form air checks.-

The ceiling and oor linishin moldings 33 and 33El are continued asat 5and. 58 over the upper and lower end joints of the panels 55 andrespectively secured to the partition plate 53 and floor 10a. The platiJ53 is so disposed that one side edge thereof is coincident with the oneside of the ceiling joist 21 against which the plate is-applied, andsaid plate is greater/in width than the joist and' projects to one sideof the latter, and also is greater in VYwid/th than the maximum width ofthe partition whereby the plate has a cap appearance relatively to thepartition. Around theinterior of the upper part of the bungalow ceilingfascia or facing strips 59 extend upwardly from the wall plates 13 andare formed with lower molding edges 60 to give them an ornamentalappearance. A similar fascia or facing strip 6l is applied also to thepartition plate 53 adjacent to the side edge opposite that with whichthe ceiling joist 21 coincides. The fascia or facing strips 59 at thefront and rear walls are between theceiling joists 21 and terminallyengage the inner pairs of grooves24 of the keying extremities 23 of saidjoists, the lower edges of said fascia or strips 59 'en-l gaging thergrooves 26 of the adjacent wall plates 13. he side wall plates 13 havetheir upperv sides similarly grooved as at 62 tov receive the loweredges of the side wall 61 which may be of fascia or facing stri lioseapplied -to the end lonlger lengths than t wa s.

The ceiling and roof structure comprise va plurality of intermediateroof rafters 63 running upwardly at an incline and secured to a ridgestrip or piece 64, the lower ends of said rafters being beveled 'andlocated adjacent to the inner grooves 24 of the keying extremities 23Vof the ceiling joists 2-1 and.

fitted in central grooves 65 extending longitudinallj7 of the saidjoists.

I' andI at the inner side of each In the end portions of the grooves 65blocks 65a are secured and provide stops for the ends of the rafters 63,and when the roof structure is completed as hereinafter specified, itwill be impossible for the said rafters to be lifted or become loose orin anywise displaced. The rafters 63 are 'of a thickness materially lessthan the width of the joists 21 and opposite ledges 66 are thus formedbetween the rafters and provide clearance and supports for ceilingpanels 67 having battens 68 thereacros's at intervals to strengthen andprevent warping thereof. The fascia or facingstrips 59 and 61 have theirupper edges in close contact with the lower sides of the ceiling panels67 and provide 'an additional support for the latter as .wellas a neatfinish. The roof also includes boarding and having a water table 71extending full length of and depending below the lower edge thereof, thetable 71 having a .channel or rabbet 72 in the inner portion of 'thelower edge to receive the upper ends of the outer panels 19 of the endwalls to provide an overlapping protective covering for said panel endsand to close the spaces between the side edges of the panels above theupper surfaces of the gable brackets 36.

. Along the `upper lreverse angular edges anel, rafters 73 are securedand terminate ush with the V ends of the panel, these rafters at theirupper ends being attached to and abutting against the ends of the ridgestrip or piece 64. In connection with the gable ends the rafters 73 alsoprovide means for supporting the top cover of the roof. kAs areinforcing means, tie or collar beams 63Et are secured to the rafters63, as shown by Fig. 1. The outer wall panels 19 of the side walls ofthe bungalow are each provided with a roof retaining cleat 74 on4 theinner side of the upper end thereof, said cleat projecting above theupper end of the panel and having an inner locking groove 75 near itsupper edge, the latter edge being beveled as at 76 to correspond to theslope of the adjacent rafters. Secured to and extending vertically overthe inner side of each gable panel from the rafters 73 an equal distancebelow l the lower edge of the said panel are a plurality of gable studs969 which terminally' engage and bear upon the adjacent wall plate 13,the lower depending portions of the studs 69l being of such length thatwhen they engage the plate 13 the water table 71 will be in fullassociation with the upper ends of the adjacent outer panels 19. Be-

-fore the. top covering structure of the roof is applied, the ceilinganels 67 are placed 1n position on the cei ing ljoists 21, these panelsterminating a short istance at each of their ends from the cleats 74 andwhereby are placed centrally -over the rafters 63 as shown by Fig. 3 andengage rafter strips 80 extending transversely over and secured to therafters 63 and 73, and near their lower ends said roof panels are alsoprovided on the lower sides with transversely extending locking battensor strips 81 having the outer edges thereof formed withy beveled grooves82 to it and tightly interlock with the grooves 75 of the outer panelcleats 74. The locking battens or strips 81 each extends one half itslengtheach way and engagestwo locking cleats 74 at the upper portions oftwo of the outside panels 19, whereby each roof panel engages orinterlocks with two of the said panels and conversely two side panelsinterlock with each roof panel. Moreover, the locking battens or strips81 extend over and engage the ceiling j oists 21 and prevent the latterbeing lifted bywind or other cause. j

The roof is finished by securing a crown molding 83 to each end over theverge boards 79. In the key spaces 77 key strips 84, wedge-spaced incross-section, are inserted after the ceiling and-roof panels have beenplaced and locked and engage and lock over the ends of the ceilingpanels 67 andl hold the latter panels firmly against movement, and alsoengage the locking battens or strips 81 of the roof panels 7 8, andprevent said strips or battens from becoming disengaged from the panelcleats 74, and by this means the roof structure as a Whole is firmlysecured in place with a strong resistance against the force of thenatural elements. Infact, the key strips force down Aand lock all partsadjacent thereto against loose movement or displacement.

In addition to the general structural features hereinbefore described,the bungalow may be provided with a porch comprising a umns 88 and oncap brackets 89 attached to the columns, and on the caps a porch box orroof supporting frame 90 is disposed and suitably fastened. Side and endplates 91 and 92 are superimposed on the box or frame 90, and from theend plates 92 porch roof rafters 93 having upper inclined edgeslreversely extending upwardly toward the vertical centers thereof,ceiling panels 94 being laid and secured on the plates 91 and 92 andhaving their side edges engaging rabbets 95 formed in the intermediateand in# nermost rafters 93 and also engaging rabbets 96 in the plates.The ceiling panels 94 have cross battens 97 on their upper sides tostrengthen them and prevent warping there-l of, and said panels may beeasily applied to the plates 91 and 92 to form a flat ceiling that mayhave any desirable finish or ornamentation. Laid over and secured on therafters 93 are roof panels 98 which in part project outwardly beyond theouter side of the roof frame, as shown by Fig. 1, and have an ornamentalverge board 99 secured thereto. At the sides and one end of the porch ybetween the columns 88 rails 100 are mounted and have vertical palings101 disposed therein, as shown, to provide orch guards, the opposite endof the porch beingfopen and having steps 102 leading thereto from theground surface or Walk,'the parts of the porch, as just explained, beingsecured to eachother and to the adjacent portions of the building by anysuitable means. A front door 103, mounted as hereinbefore described,vwith a suitable threshold or sill 104 gives ingress and egress to andfrom the interionof the bungalow relatively to the porch.

The foregoing parts may be assembled in the bungalow structure tothebest advantage to economize expense and time in erection andA placement.All the parts will be completed at some point of manufacture anddelivered with an instruction specifica tion that will enable anunskilled laborer or laborers to erect the bungalow, thereby materiallyreducing the cost of bungalow or general building structures embodyingthe features herein explained. Any size of building maybe produced bycorrespondingly shaping the dimensions and proportions of the severalstructural parts.

1. A building comprising sills with tongued strips on the upper sidesthereof, joists engaging the sills and having a floor laid thereon,studs rising from the sills and having lower groovedy ends fitted overthe said tongued strips, wall plates mounted over and engaging the studsand provided with lower groove means, outer and inner wall panelsbetween the studs, the outer panels having lower and upper groovedcleats to interlock with the tongued strips of the sills and groovemeans of said plates,

the lower extremities of the outer -panels covering the outer sides ofthe sills, and a roof structure mounted over thesills.

2. A building comprising sills with Vtongued strips on the upper sidesthereof,

`the studs and the outer panels having lower and upper grooved cleats tointerlock with thev tongued strips of the sills and groove means of saidplates, and a roof structure mounted over the plates.

3. A building comprising sills and upper plates, joists engaging thesills and having a floor laid thereon, studs rising from the sills andhaving a slot in the lower inner portion of their ends to provide fordependence of the studs fully over the outer sides of the sills and toengage-over upper edge portions of the sills, the studs also havingouter and inner pairs of grooves in the lopposite sides thereof, outerand inner wall panels between and engaging the grooves of the studs, theouter panels extending over and covering the outer sides ofv panels andthe sills and plates for setting up an interlockbetween said panels,studs, sills and plates, and a roof structure mounted over the platesand provided with panels extending *over and engaging the upper edges ofa part of the outer wall panels, the latter panels and roof panelshaving separable interlocking grooved devices.

4. A building comprising sills with tongued strips on the upper sidesthereof, joists engaging the sills and having a floor laid thereon,corner posts rising from the sills and provided with grooves in oppositesides thereof` studs also rising from the sills and having grooves inthe opposite sides of the same and also provided with lower slottedterminals to engage the tongued strips of the sills and form portions todepend fully over the outer sides of the sills, wall plates `mountedover and engaging the studs and provided with groove means at theirlower sides, outer and inner wall panels between the studs and engagingthe grooves of the latter land the grooves of the corner posts andhaving their lower extremities extending over the outer sides of thesills between the depending portions of the studs,

Y posts rising froml the sills and having-outer ,A

the outer panels having lower and upper grooved strips thereon, studsand corner and inner grooves in the opposite sides there of, the outergrooves of the studs being lo- `cated at a distance inwardly from theouter edges of the same, plates supported. on the studs and havinggroove means, wall panels having grooved cleats engaging over the turemounted over the 'having c grooved strips of the sills and also engagingthe groove means of the plates, the panels having their side edgesfitted in the outer grooves of the. studs and the joints between themcovered by the outer projecting portions of the studs beyond the groovestherein, the lower extremities of the panels extending fully over theouter side portions of the sills, and a roof structure mounted over theplates and havin portions thereof separably interlocked with a part ofthe wall panels. 1

6. A building comprising a lower frame structure havingy sills withgrooved strips thereon, studs rising from the sillsiarid provided withouter 4grooves in the opposing sides thereof at distances inwardly flpinthe outer edges of vthe studs, plates mounted on the studs, wall panelshavin cleats engaging the grooved strips of t e sills of the lower framestructure andthe plates, the 'side edges of the panels en aging thegrooves of the studs, thejoints o the panels being closed by the outerprojecting portions of 4-0 the studs and thelower extremities of thelatter `being slotted to fit yover portions of the sills to formpendants', the lower outer pendants of the studs and also the lowerextremities of thel panels extending fully over and covering the outersides of the lower framev structure, and a roof strucplates.

v7. A building comprlsing a lower frame structure including sills havinggrooved strips onthe upper sides thereof, and studs and corner postsrising from the sills, the studs having inner portions of thelowerextremities thereof slotted to form pendants which extenddownwardly over the outer sides of the sills, the studs .also providedwith outer ,pairs of grooves at distances inwardly from. the outer edgesthereof and also with inner pairs of grooves opening through the inneredges thereof, plates nl ounted upon the studs, outer wall panelsdisposed, between the corner posts and the vstuds having Itheir sideedges engaging the outer'grooves of said'studs and whereby the jointsbetween them are covered 'by -the outer edges of the studs, the 'outerpanels eats on the inner sides respectively building comprising sills[withk of the studs and the corner posts, the lower extremities of theouter panels extending fully over the outer side portions of the sills,`and a roof structure mounted over the plates.

8. A building comprising lower and upper frame structures, studs andcorner posts mounted between and engaging the said structures, the studshaving outer lower pendant\portions to extend fully over the outer sidesof parts of the lower frame structu}eand also provided with outer andinner" pairs of grooves in opposing side edges thereof, the outergrooves being lo-V cated inwardly a distance from the outer edges of thestuds to providejoint closures at the outer portions of the studs, thelower pendant portions of the studs also extending fully over the outersides of the lower frame structure, outer wall panels engaging thecorner posts and the outer grooves in the studs and also depending overthe outer sides of the lower frame'structure and extending over thesimilar sides of the upper frame structure and having separableinterlocking relation tothe latter, inner wall panels engaging the innergrooves of the studs and the corner'posts, cover strips applied over thejoints between the inner wall panels and thgJ studs, and a roofstructure mounted over the'upper frame structure and having wall panelsextending over and engaging the upper ends of a part of the outer wallpanels, the upper extremities of the outer wall panels and the lowerextremities of the roof panels having grooved interlockingy means at theinner l sides thereof.

9. A building comprising a lower frame structure including sills,tongued strips mounted on the upper sides of the sills and adjustable tocompensate for crookedness-of the sills to provide astraight alinementof the ton ued strips, corner posts and studs rising rom the sills, wallplates mounted over and engaging the studs and provided with groovemeans at their' lower sides, outer wally panels having lower and uppergrooved cleats to engage the tongued strips of the sills and the groovemeans 'of the plates and also fitted between the corner posts and thestuds'and having their joints covered by por ions of the studs, innerwall panels applled to the studs and corner posts, cover strips over thejoints between the linner wall panels and studs,and 'a roof structuremounted over the plates.

10. A buil/dingl comprising a lower frame structure including sillshaving locking means on the upper sides thereof, an upper framestructure provided with 4locking revbeing provided with grooved lockingdevices on their inner sides to engage thesills and the upper framestructure and also with top grooved locking devices extending above theupper edges-thereof, and a roof structure mounted over the upper framestructure comprising roof panels extendingr over and bearing upon theupper edges of the said wall panels and having locking devices on theirlower sides to engage the grooved locking devices extending above theupper ends of the wall panels. v

11. A building comprising lower and upper frames with studs and cornerposts interposed between the same, wall panels ap plied to the saidframes and extending at opposite extremities over the outer sides of theframes, the wall panels at two of the opposing sides of the buildinghaving grooved locking devices extending transversely thereover at theirinner sides and disposed to engage parts of the lower and upper framesand also to project above tlieupper ends of the said panels, ceilingpanels mounted over the upper frame structure and removably held on thelatter, and a roof structure embodying roof panels extending over theupper edges of the said wall panels and having grooved locking deviceson their lower sides to engage the locking devices extending above theupper ends of the wall panels. a

12. A building comprising lower' and upper frames with studs and cornerposts interposed between the same, wall panels applied to the saidstructures, the -wall panels at two of the opposing sides of thebuilding having locking devices at the innerportions of the upper endsthereof above'the upper frame structure, the said locking devicesprojecting above the upper ends of the panels-and having 4grooves formedtherein, ceiling panels mounted over the upper frame structure, a roofstructure embodying roof panels having lower grooves' of the lockingdevices to engage the locking devices at the upper ends of the said twoopposing walls of the building, the ends of the ceiling panels beingbelow and adjacent to the locking devices of the roof panels, and keydevices introduced between the said locking devices and over the ceilingjoists and the ceiling -panel ends. v

13. A knockdownbuilding comprising a lower frame structure, an upperframe structure, separable studs and corner posts incentral groovesextending longitudinally thereof, wall panels separably applied to thestuds and corner posts and over the lower and upper trame structures,ceiling panels i' removably held on the upper edges of the ceilingjoists at opposite sides of the grooves iii the latter, and a roofstructure embodying rafters having their lower ends itted in the groovesof the ceiling joists `and also provided with root' panels extendingoverv the upper edges of the said wall panels, de-

tachable' locking means being provided onl the wall and roof panels andbetween. the

locking means of the roof panels and the ceiling panels. j I

14. A kiiockdown building comprising a lower frame structure, an upperframe structures, ceiling joists mounted on the upper frame structureand having central` grooves extending longitudinally oi the upper sides'of the same, wall panels applied to the studs and corner posts and oveithe lower and upper frame structuresythe wall panels at two opposingwall portions of the building having locking devices at the inner vsidesof ture, studs and corner posts interposed between the lower and upperframe structhe upper ends thereofl above the upper frame structure, aroof structure embodying rafters having their lower ends fitted iii thegrooves ot' the ceiling joists and also provided with roof panels havinglocking de vices on the lower sides thereof to engage the lockingdevices of the said panels of the opposing wall portions of thebuilding, the central rafter end receiving grooves in the ceiling joistsproviding for the formation of ledges at the opposite sides of thegrooves, ceiling panels loosely disposed on said ledges andlield'between the rafters-and key locking devices introduced between thelocking Vdevices of the wall and roof panels and over the ceiling joistsand the ends of the ceiling panels.

15. A knockdown building vcomprising lower and upper frame structures,corner posts and studs introduced between thelower and upper framestructures, ceiling joists mounted on the upper frame structure andhaving their opposite extremities projected outwardly beyond the sameand formed with inner and outer pairs of vertical grooves, the saidceiling joists also having longitudinal grooves at their uppei` sides,wall panels applied to the lower and upper frame structures between thestuds and corner posts,

Athe ceiling joistsextending between a portion of those panels whichengage the outer pairs of grooves of said joists, ceiling panels bearingupon -the ceiling joists at the opposite sides of the centers of thelatter and having their ends projecting over portions of the members ofthe upper. frame structure, a roof structure embodying rafters withtheir lower ends fitted in the grooves Y wardly projecting extremitiesbetween the of the ceiling joists and also having roof panels extendingover and bearing upon the upper edges of a part of the wall panelsandhaving a separable interlocking associa tion with the latter, facingstrips introduced between the ceiling joists and engaging the innergrooves of the latter, and key devices interposed between the roofandwall panels and over the ceiling joists and the ends ot' the ceilingpanels to removably secure the rooil structure, side wall panels andceiling panels and joists against accidental disengagement.

16.,A building comprising lower and upper frame structures having studsand corner posts interposed therebetween, wall panels applied to thestuds and corner posts over the lower and upper frame structures, and aroof structure comprising gable ends having inner gable studs projectingbelow they lower edges thereof and bearing upon adjacent parts of theupper frame structure, the gable ends also being provided with outerdepending grooved strips to fit over the upper ends of the adjacentpanels.

17. A building comprising lower and upper frame structures, studsl andcorner posts interposed between the said structures, wall panels appliedto' the studs and corner posts vand over the lower and upper framestructures, gable brackets held on portions of the upper frame structureand projecting outwardly between the upper ends of the adj acent panels,ceilingir joists extending across the upper frame structure andy havingoutupper ends of the adjacent panels, the latter panels being providedwith locking devices at the inner portions of their upper ends, theceiling jo'ists having central grooves in their upper sides, ceilingpanels mounted on the ceiling joists engaging the latter at oppositesides of the grooves therein, a root` structure embodying raftersengaging the ceilingl joists between the ceiling panels and also havingroof panels with locking devices engaging the locking devices attheupper ends of a portion of the panels, the roof structure also beingprovided with end gables having studs extending down-l wardly below thesaine and bearing upon the upper portion of the frame structure and alsolower grooved strips to it over the upper ends of the adjacent panelsvand'terminate/ close to the gable brackets, and key devices insertedbetweenthe said locking devices and the ends of the ceiling panels.

18. A building comprising a wall structure including lower and upperframes, the upper frame having side and end plates and ceiling joiststhereon, a partition plate held by a part of the upper frame andengaging one of the ceiling joists, the partition lplate extending toone side of the ceiling joist with which it engages, studs between thelower frame structure and the said partition plate, and wall panelsapplied to opposite sides of the studs.

In testimony .whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twosubscribing wit- 70 W. E. om, E. A. Bmliu'oNe

